شرح ازمة اللغة الانجليزية بس مهمة جدا

1. شرح أزمنة اللغة الإنجليزية (English Tenses)
Simple presente The
(المضارع البسيط)
أولا:

يعبر عن شيء يحدث بشكل متكرر . مثال:
The moon revloves around earth

(حقيقة عامه)
مثال:
We go to school everyday
(عادة)
ملاحظة:
قد نجد في الجملة التي تحتوى المضارع البسيط الكلمات الآتية:
Always, Usually, Often, Everyday, Sometimes , ... etc
ويعبر ذلك عن عادة تحصل فى معظم الأوقات
ثانيا:
قد يعبر هذا الزمن عن الحالة (condition) . مثال :
He looks sad
أو
I remember you
ثالثا:
قد يعبر هذا الزمن عن أحداث مستقبليه (in the future ) خصوصا مع الأفعال التي تتحدث عن وصولك أو مغادرتك لمكان ما ,وغالبا ما يضاف وقت في الجملة. مثال :
I arrive next week
Ali flies tomorrow
ملاحظة مهمة:لعلكم انتبهتم ل إضافة "s" لبعض الأفعال في هذا الزمن بالذات . والسبب بسيط, ففي حال سبق الفعل اسم مفرد أو احد الضمائر التالية he-she-it
,فإنه يتعين علينا إضافة "s" للفعل.
Present Continuous
(المضارع المستمر)
أولا:
يعبر عن شي يحدث في الوقت الحاضر:
أ. قد يكون يحدث خلال فترة قصيرة من الزمن. مثال:
I am writing a letter
He is watching TV

ب. قد يحدث خلال فترة طويلة من الزمن. مثال:
He is woking on being a businessman
I am writing a book

ثانيا:
قد يعبر هذا الزمن عن بداية , أو مدى التقدم , أو نهاية حدث ما .
It is beginning to rain
(بداية )
He is becoming more aggressive
(مدى التقدم) (aggressive = عدائي)

The problem is coming to an end
(نهاية)
ثالثا:

قد يعبر عن حدث مستقبلي. وغالبا تحتوي الجملة على وقت يدلل على المستقبل. مثال:
He is getting married next month
ملاحظة حول هذا الزمن:
تلاحظون أن am-is-are لابد أن تسبق الفعل. كما أن الفعل لابد أن يضاف إليه ing .

am : تأتي مع المتكلم والضمير Is : مع He-She-it أو ما يعادلها من الأسماء المفردة .
are : مع we-you-they أو ما يعادلها من الأسماء الجمع.



Simple Past

(الماضي البسيط)

يتكون زمن الماضي البسيط من الفعل مضاف له ed
( verb+ed)

:EXAMPLES

I visited my friends.
I often visited my friends.

استخداماته

1- يستخدم زمن الماضي البسيط للتعبير عن حدث بدأ و انتهي في وقت محدد بالماضي.

:EXAMPLES

I saw a movie yesterday.
I didn't see a movie yesterday.
Last year, I traveled to Japan.
Last year, I didn't travel to Japan.
She washed her car.
She didn't wash her car.

2- نستخدم زمن الماضي البسيط لسرد مجموعه من الأحداث انتهت في الماضي.

:EXAMPLES

I finished work, walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.

He arrived from the airport at 8:00, checked into the hotel at 9:00, and met the others at 10:00.
3- يمكن أن يستخدم الماضي البسيط لمده زمنيه بدأت و انتهت في الماضي. المدة الزمنية الطويلة غالبا ما تكون مصحوبة ببعض التعبيرات مثل for two years أو
for five minutes أو all day
أو. all year

:EXAMPLES

I lived in Brazil for two years.
Shauna studied Japanese for five years.
They sat at the beach all day.
We talked on the phone for thirty minutes.
؟How long did you wait for them
We waited for one hour.


4- للتعبير عن عاده في الماضي
يمكن أن يستخدم الماضي البسيط أيضا للتعبير عن عاده توقفت في الماضي.

:EXAMPLES
I studied French when I was a child.
He played the violin.
She worked at the movie theater after school.
They never went to school, they always skipped.


ACTIVE / PASSIVE Simple Past

:EXAMPLES

Tom repaired the car. ACTIVE.

The car was repaired by Tom. PASSIVE.


Past Continuous
(الماضي المستمر)

يتكون زمن الماضي المستمر من WAS / WERE ثم الفعل مضافا إليه ing
[WAS / WERE] + [VERB+ing]


:EXAMPLES

I was studying when she called.

I was carefully picking up the snake when it bit me.

NOTE: When you are using a verb tense with more than one. Part
such as Past Continuous (was picking), adverbs often. come
between the first part and the second part (was carefully picking).



الاستخدامات


1- يستخدم الماضي المستمر ببيان فعل تمت مقاطعته في الماضي. و المقاطعة غالبا ما تكون ماضي بسيط .

:EXAMPLES

I was watching TV when she called.

When the phone rang, she was writing a letter.

While we were having a picnic, it started to rain.

Sally was working when Joe had the car accident.

While John was sleeping last night, someone stole his car.





2- تحديد وقت معين كمقاطعه لفعل حدث في الماضي

:EXAMPLES

Last night at 6 p.m., I was eating dinner.

At midnight, we were still driving through the desert.


IMPORTANT

Last night at 6 p.m., I ate dinner.
بدأت الاكل السادسه

Last night at 6 p.m., I was eating dinner.
عندما حانت الساعه السادسه كنت آكل بالفعل



3- نستخدم الماضي المستمر عند وصف اكثر من فعل و هذه الافعال حدثت في نفس الوقت.

:EXAMPLES

I was studying while he was making dinner.
While Ellen was reading, Tim was watching television.
They were eating dinner, discussing their plans and having a good time.


4- يستخدم المضارع المستمر لوصف المناخ العام لمجموعه من الأحداث في الماضي.

:EXAMPLE

When I walked into the office, several people were busily typing, some were talking on the phones, the boss was yelling directions, and customers were waiting to be helped. One customer was yelling at a secretary and waving his hands. Others were complaining to each other about the bad
service.




5- يستخدم ايضا لوصف التكرار و الاثاره لاحداث غالبا ما كانت تحدث في الماضي.

:EXAMPLES

She was always coming to class late.
He was constantly talking. He annoyed everyone.
I didn't like them because they were always complaining.



ACTIVE / PASSIVE Past Continuous

:EXAMPLES

The salesman was helping the customer when the thief came into the store. (ACTIVE)

The customer was being helped by the salesman when the thief came into the store. (PASSIVE)


Present Perfect
(المضارع التام)

يتكون زمن المضارع التام من HAS / HAVE ثم التصريف الثالث للفعل
[HAS / HAVE] + [past participle]

:EXAMPLES

I have seen that movie many times.
I have never seen that movie.





الاستخدامات



1- يعبر زمن المضارع التام لوصف فعل بدأ في الماضي في وقت غير محدد. و الوقت المحدد غير مهم و لا يمكن استخدام تعبيرات زمنيه مثل yesterday أوone year ago أو when I was a chlid الخ.

:EXAMPLES

I have seen that movie twenty times.
I think I have met him once before
There have been many earthquakes in California.
؟Has there ever been a war in the United States
Yes, there has been a war in the United States.
People have traveled to the moon.



2- للتعبير عن شيء ما بدأ في الماضي و استمر الي الان.

:EXAMPLES

I have had a cold for two weeks.

She has been in England for six months.

Mary has loved chocolate since she was a little girl.


ACTIVE / PASSIVE Present Perfect

:EXAMPLES

Many tourists have visited that castle. (ACTIVE)

That castle has been visited by many tourists. (PASSIVE)

تم بحمد الله